Rectal Prolapse Surgery

Rectal Prolapse Surgery

 

 

 

 

Overview of Rectal Prolapse Surgery

Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum, the last part of the large intestine, slips out of its normal position and protrudes through the anus. This condition can lead to discomfort, fecal incontinence, and other complications if left untreated. Rectal prolapse surgery aims to reposition the rectum and restore its normal function. Patients often experience anxiety about this surgical procedure due to concerns about pain, recovery time, and potential complications. Understanding the surgery can help alleviate these fears.

 

 

 

What is Rectal Prolapse?

Rectal prolapse happens when the rectum loses its normal attachments inside the body, causing it to slip out through the anus. This can range from a small amount of red tissue that sticks out of the anus to a large portion of the rectum that protrudes.

 

Common Symptoms of Rectal Prolapse:

• A feeling of a bulge or something coming out of the anus 
• Difficulty controlling bowel movements 
• Leakage of mucus or stool from the anus 
• A feeling of incomplete bowel emptying 
• Visible red tissue protruding from the anus 

 

 

What is Rectal Prolapse Surgery?

Rectal prolapse surgery is a surgical procedure designed to correct the displacement of the rectum. The surgery can be performed using different techniques depending on the severity of the prolapse and the patient’s overall health. The main goals of this surgery are to improve bowel function, reduce discomfort, and prevent the rectum from protruding again.

 

 

 

How is Rectal Prolapse Surgery Performed?

 

1. Preparation: Before surgery, patients undergo a thorough evaluation, including physical exams and imaging studies. They may need to follow specific dietary restrictions or bowel preparation protocols. 
2. Anesthesia: Patients are typically placed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia for comfort during the procedure. 
3. Surgical Techniques:

• Abdominal Rectal Prolapse Surgery: Involves making an incision in the abdomen to access the rectum. The surgeon pulls the rectum back into place and secures it with sutures or mesh. 
• Perineal Rectosigmoidectomy: This approach involves removing the prolapsed portion of the rectum through an incision near the anus. 
• Laparoscopic or Robotic Surgery: These minimally invasive techniques use small incisions and specialized instruments to repair the prolapse with less pain and quicker recovery times. 

4. Post-operative Care: After surgery, patients are monitored in a recovery area before being moved to a hospital room for further observation.

 

 

 

Different Types of Rectal Prolapse Surgery

There are several surgical techniques used to treat rectal prolapse:

1. Rectopexy: This is the most common surgery for rectal prolapse, where the rectum is
   repositioned and secured to the pelvic structures. This procedure can be done through traditional open surgery or laparoscopically (minimally invasive).

   
   2. Perineal Surgery: In older patients or those with high surgical risk, a perineal approach (operating through the anus) may be used. This can involve procedures like: 

• Delorme Procedure: A section of the rectal wall is removed, and the rectum is folded and
  stitched. 
• Altemeier Procedure (Perineal Proctosigmoidectomy): The prolapsed rectum is removed, and the remaining rectum is attached to the surrounding tissue. 
• Resection: In some cases, a portion of the rectum may be removed (resected) if the prolapse is severe or if part of the bowel needs to be shortened to prevent future prolapse. 

Each type of surgery has its benefits and considerations. Your surgeon will discuss which approach is best suited for your specific situation.

 

 

 

Who Requires Rectal Prolapse Surgery? When is It Suggested?

 

Rectal prolapse surgery is often recommended for individuals experiencing:

• Symptoms such as discomfort, fecal incontinence, or difficulty controlling bowel movements. 
• A visible protrusion of the rectum through the anus. 
• Recurring episodes of rectal prolapse that do not respond to conservative treatments. 

However, some individuals may not be suitable candidates for surgery:

• Patients with significant comorbidities that increase surgical risks. 
• Those who have severe tissue damage or other complications that complicate repair.

 

 

 

Alternatives to Rectal Prolapse Surgery

Before considering surgery, patients may explore alternatives such as:

• Dietary changes and increased fiber intake 
• Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) 
• Stool softeners or laxatives 
• Biofeedback therapy 
• Ointment for rectal prolapse to soothe discomfort (though this doesn’t fix the underlying issue)

 

 

 

Why is Rectal Prolapse Surgery Conducted?

Rectal prolapse surgery is performed primarily for two reasons:

• To correct the physical protrusion of the rectum 
• To improve bowel control and reduce incontinence 
• To alleviate pain, discomfort, or bleeding associated with prolapse 
• To prevent potential complications like strangulation of the prolapsed rectum 

 

 

 

What to Expect During Rectal Prolapse Surgery?

 

Before the Procedure

Preparation steps include:

 

• Consultation: Discuss your medical history and any medications you are taking with your healthcare provider. 
• Testing: You may need blood tests or imaging studies before your procedure. 
• Dietary Restrictions: Patients may be instructed to fast for several hours before surgery.

 

During the Procedure

• Anesthesia: General or spinal anesthesia will be administered for comfort. 
• Procedure Duration: Depending on complexity, most surgeries take between 1 to 3 hours. 
• Surgical Technique Used: The surgeon will choose an appropriate technique based on individual circumstances. 

After the Procedure

Post-procedure care involves:

 

• Monitoring: Patients will be observed for any immediate complications after waking up from anesthesia. 
• Pain Management: Pain relief medications will be provided as needed. 
• Discharge Instructions: Guidelines on activity restrictions and follow-up appointments will be given.

 

 

 

Recovery After Rectal Prolapse Surgery

Recovery from rectal prolapse surgery typically involves:

• An initial hospital stays of 1–3 days depending on the surgical approach used.

• Gradual return to normal activities within 4–6 weeks; however, heavy lifting and strenuous activities should be avoided initially.

• Follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor healing progress.

 

 

 

Risks or Complications

While rectal prolapse surgery is generally safe, potential risks include:

1. Bleeding After Rectal Prolapse Surgery: Some bleeding is common but should resolve quickly; excessive bleeding should be reported immediately.
   
   2. Infection: There’s a low risk of infection at surgical sites.
   
   3. Recurrence of Prolapse: Although rare (2%–5% for abdominal procedures), some patients may experience a return of symptoms after surgery.
   
   4. Changes in Bowel Function: Some patients may experience constipation or fecal incontinence post-surgery.

 

 

 

Benefits of Rectal Prolapse Surgery

The expected benefits of undergoing rectal prolapse surgery include:

1. Improved Quality of Life: Many patients report significant relief from symptoms following successful surgery.
   
   2. Reduced Risk of Complications: Addressing rectal prolapse early can prevent more severe health issues down the line.
   
   3. Long-Term Results: Most patients experience lasting improvements in bowel function after appropriate surgical intervention. 

 

 

Why Choose Apollo Hospitals for Rectal Prolapse Surgery?

Apollo Hospitals stands as a pioneer in healthcare in India, offering world-class facilities and expertise in performing rectal prolapse surgeries safely and effectively. Patients choosing Apollo Hospitals can expect:

 

• Access to advanced medical technology ensuring precise diagnostics and treatment options tailored for each patient’s needs. 
• Care from highly trained specialists experienced in various types of rectal prolapse surgeries across different approaches. 
• Comprehensive support throughout your treatment journey—from initial consultation through recovery—ensuring comfort and reassurance every step of the way. 
• At Apollo Hospitals, our commitment lies in providing exceptional patient care tailored to individual needs, helping you regain your health and improve your quality of life.

 

 

 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

 

1.Is rectal prolapse surgery painful?

Most patients experience some discomfort after surgery but receive pain management medications to help alleviate this discomfort effectively.

 

 

2. How long does it take to recover from rectal prolapse surgery?

Recovery typically takes about 4–6 weeks; however, this timeframe can vary based on individual circumstances and surgical techniques used.

 

3. Are there any dietary restrictions after surgery?

Patients are usually advised to follow a high-fiber diet post-surgery along with adequate hydration to prevent constipation during recovery.

 

4. What should I do if I notice bleeding after my surgery?

Some minor bleeding can occur but if you notice excessive bleeding or other concerning symptoms like fever or severe pain, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

 

5. Can I return to work after my surgery?

Most patients can return to work within 4–6 weeks after surgery; however, this may vary depending on individual recovery progress and job requirements.