The ill-effects of anemia in women

Verified by Dr. Punit Jain– Consultant Hematology, Apollo Cancer Centres, Navi Mumbai.

According to the World Health Organization, 40% of all children aged 6–59 months, 37% of pregnant women and 30% of women 15–49 years of age are affected by anemia. This global figure is a significant alarm for all women, particularly working women due to the hazardous long-term consequences of untreated anemia. When it comes to India, the statistical numbers are equally bothering.

As per the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 5 done between 2019-2021 in India, the prevalence of anemia among women (15-49 years) is 57.0%, among children (6-59 months) is 67.1%, among adolescent girls (15-19 years) is 59.1%, in pregnancy is 52.2% while in adult men it is 25%. The prevalence of anemia is higher among women and children from rural areas, poor households, and lower castes.

Although there are several causes of anemia in women, Iron deficiency remains the most common cause type of anemia in women. This is often caused by poor iron intake, heavy menstrual bleeding leading to iron loss with blood, or demanding situations requiring higher iron like in pregnancy. Other causes of anemia include vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies, hemoglobinopathies like thalassemia, sickle cell disease or trait, chronic diseases, or even production defects like poor bone marrow reserve.

Ill effects of anemia: 

• Menstrual irregularity: Heavy menstrual bleeding can lead to blood loss and a resultant iron deficiency anemia. This can lead to irregular periods and also fluctuations in the hormone levels leading to further irregularity in the menstrual cycles or periods.

• Reduced Productivity: Chronic fatigue, a hallmark of anemia, can significantly hamper work performance. Tasks requiring focus, energy, and stamina become an uphill battle. Working women may struggle to meet deadlines, commit to overtime, or handle physically demanding jobs. This can lead to frustration, decreased job satisfaction, and even career stagnation.
• Impact on Mental Health: The constant tiredness and brain fog associated with anemia can take a toll on mental well-being. Symptoms like anxiety, depression, and difficulty concentrating become more prevalent, affecting decision-making, communication, and interpersonal relationships. This, in turn, can create a vicious cycle, further impacting work performance and overall quality of life.
• Increased Absenteeism: Frequent medical appointments, managing symptoms, and simply feeling unwell can lead to increased absenteeism. This can disrupt workflows, create burdens for colleagues, and potentially affect career advancement opportunities. It can also put undue financial strain on working women due to potential pay cuts or loss of bonuses.
• Long-term Health Risks: Untreated anemia can have serious long-term health consequences. Complications like heart problems, stroke, and even early death become more likely. This poses a significant threat to working women’s health and their ability to lead long, fulfilling lives.
• Poor pregnancy outcomes: During pregnancy, anemia has been associated with poor maternal and birth outcomes, including premature birth, low birth weight and maternal mortality. In addition to the health consequences, anemia can have important financial impacts for individuals, families, communities and countries.

What can be done by women to combat anemia?

Fortunately, anemia is often treatable with proper diagnosis and management. 

• Regular health checkups, iron supplements, and dietary adjustments can significantly improve red blood cell count and alleviate symptoms. 
• Open communication with employers and colleagues can foster a supportive environment for managing the condition.

Empowering Women

By raising awareness about the ill effects of anemia on women in India, we can encourage proactive care, build understanding within workplaces, and prioritize their health and well-being. This not only benefits individuals but also strengthens the workforce and creates a more inclusive and healthy work environment for all.

Apollo through its “Anemia Clinics” aims to empower women in India to overcome anemia through screening and early detection of anemia. Anemia Clinic at Apollo Cancer Centres Navi Mumbai offers expertise for the early diagnosis & treatment of anemia & its complications.

Do not overlook anemia as a minor disorder or deficiency. Getting treatment on time may help prevent life-threatening complications.

Consult our expert, Dr. Punit Jain – Consultant Hematology, Apollo Cancer Centres Navi Mumbai today.

Call 022 6280 6280 for an appointment.

Keywords: anemia; anemia in working women; anemia in pregnancy; chronic fatigue; anxiety; depression; mental health; heart problems; stroke