Pediatric Kidney Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Verified by Dr Amit Langote, Sr Consultant – Nephrology, Kidney Transplant Physician & Hypertension Specialist at Apollo Hospitals Navi Mumbai

Pediatric kidney disease encompasses various conditions that affect the kidneys in children, which play a vital role in filtering waste, balancing fluids, and regulating minerals. While kidney disease is commonly associated with adults, children are also at risk, with conditions that can be acute (temporary) or chronic (long-lasting). Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing long-term complications.  

Types of Pediatric Kidney Disease

1. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): This sudden decline in kidney function is often caused by dehydration, infections, medications, or trauma. With prompt treatment, AKI can usually be reversed.  

2. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A progressive condition where kidney function gradually declines over time, often due to congenital issues, genetic disorders, or chronic conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. CKD can eventually lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.  

3. Nephrotic Syndrome: This condition results in the kidneys leaking large amounts of protein, leading to swelling, especially in the legs and face. It can be caused by infections, medications, or autoimmune diseases.  

4. Congenital Kidney Abnormalities: Some children are born with structural kidney problems, such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD) or renal dysplasia, which can impair kidney function.  

5. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Common in children, particularly girls, UTIs can lead to kidney damage if untreated, and require prompt antibiotic treatment.  

Causes of Pediatric Kidney Disease 

Common causes include congenital abnormalities, genetic disorders, infections, autoimmune diseases, dehydration, and medications that can harm kidney function.  

Symptoms

Symptoms may include swelling, changes in urine, high blood pressure, fatigue, poor appetite, and nausea. Early detection is key to managing the disease and preventing further complications.  

Treatment  

Treatment varies depending on the condition’s cause and severity. It may include medications, dietary changes, dialysis for severe cases, or even a kidney transplant for end-stage kidney failure.  

With early intervention and the right care, pediatric kidney disease can be managed effectively, helping children lead healthier lives.

Connect with our expert, Dr Amit Langote, Sr Consultant – Nephrology, Kidney Transplant Physician & Hypertension Specialist at Apollo Hospitals Navi Mumbai

Call 022 6280 6280 for an appointment