What are giant cell tumors (GCT)?
Verified by Dr. Tejinder Singh, Consultant Medical Oncology, Apollo Cancer Centres, Navi Mumbai.
A giant cell tumor (GCT) is a benign tumor that most commonly affects young adults. It is characterized by the presence of large, multinucleated cells called osteoclasts. GCTs most commonly occur in the long bones of the legs and arms, but they can also occur in other bones, such as the pelvis, spine, and skull.
What are the causes of giant cell tumors?
The cause of GCTs is unknown, but they are thought to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. GCTs are not cancerous, but they can grow and damage the surrounding bone. If a GCT is not treated, it can eventually lead to a fracture.
What are the symptoms of GCTs?
The most common symptom of GCT is pain. The pain is usually worse with activity and can be accompanied by swelling and tenderness in the affected area.
Other symptoms may include:
- A lump or bump on the bone
- Limited range of motion
- Muscle weakness
The diagnosis of a GCT is usually made through a combination of imaging tests, such as X-rays, MRI, and CT scans. A biopsy of the tumor may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
What are the treatment options available for GCTs?
The treatment for GCTs depends on the size and location of the tumor. Small tumors can be treated with curettage and bone grafting. This procedure involves removing the tumor with a sharp instrument and then filling the cavity with bone graft material. Larger tumors may require more extensive surgery, such as a limb salvage procedure or amputation.
Here are some of the treatment options for giant cell tumors:
- Curettage and bone grafting: This is the most common treatment for GCTs. The tumor is removed with a sharp instrument and then the cavity is filled with bone graft material.
- Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the tumor with liquid nitrogen.
- Radiotherapy: This uses high-energy rays to kill the tumor cells.
- Chemotherapy: This uses drugs to kill the tumor cells.
The prognosis for GCTs is generally good. With treatment, most patients are cured. However, there is a small risk of the tumor recurring, especially if it is not completely removed.
Here are some additional things to know about giant cell tumors:
- They are more common in women than men.
- They are more common in people between the ages of 20 and 40.
- They are usually solitary tumors, but they can sometimes occur in multiple bones.
- The risk of recurrence is higher for larger tumors and tumors that are not completely removed.
The best treatment option for you will depend on the size and location of the tumor, your age, and your overall health. If you are experiencing pain or other symptoms in a bone, it is important to see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment of GCTs can help to prevent complications and improve the chances of a cure.
Connect with our expert, Dr. Tejinder Singh, Consultant Medical Oncology, Apollo Cancer Centres, Navi Mumbai.
Call 022 6280 6280 for an appointment.