Understanding Glomerulonephritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Verified by Dr. Amit Langote, Senior Consultant Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Physician at Apollo Hospitals Navi Mumbai

Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filters in the kidneys responsible for removing waste and excess fluids from the blood. This condition can impact kidney function and lead to serious health complications if not properly managed. But what exactly is glomerulonephritis, and what can be done to treat it?

What is Glomerulonephritis?

Glomerulonephritis involves the inflammation of the glomeruli, which can impair the kidneys’ ability to filter blood effectively. This can lead to a buildup of toxins in the body and an imbalance of essential fluids and electrolytes. The condition can be acute or chronic, with varying degrees of severity.

Causes of Glomerulonephritis

• Infections: Bacterial or viral infections, such as strep throat, can trigger glomerulonephritis.
• Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus or IgA nephropathy occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the glomeruli.
• Genetic Factors: Certain genetic mutations can predispose individuals to glomerulonephritis.
• High Blood Pressure and Diabetes: Chronic high blood pressure and diabetes can damage the glomeruli over time, leading to nephropathy.

Symptoms

Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of glomerulonephritis but may include:

• Hematuria: Blood in the urine, which may make the urine appear pink or tea-colored.
• Proteinuria: Excess protein in the urine, which can cause frothy urine.
• Edema: Swelling in the hands, feet, or face due to fluid retention.
• Hypertension: Elevated blood pressure.
• Reduced Urine Output: Decreased frequency or amount of urine.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:

• Urinalysis: To detect abnormalities like blood or protein in the urine.
• Blood Tests: To assess kidney function and identify underlying causes.
• Imaging: Ultrasounds or CT scans can provide visual insight into kidney structure.
• Kidney Biopsy: A definitive test where a small kidney sample is examined for signs of inflammation or damage.

Treatment Options

Treatment aims to manage symptoms, address the underlying cause, and prevent further kidney damage. Options include:

• Medications: Such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or blood pressure-lowering drugs.
• Dietary Changes: A diet low in salt and protein to reduce kidney strain.
• Dialysis: In severe cases where kidney function is significantly impaired, dialysis may be required to artificially filter the blood.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension through lifestyle changes and regular monitoring.

Conclusion

Glomerulonephritis is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. With early intervention and appropriate management, individuals can often lead healthy lives and maintain kidney function. If you experience symptoms of glomerulonephritis or have risk factors for the condition, consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial for a timely and effective treatment plan.

Connect with our expert, Dr. Amit Langote, Senior Consultant Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Physician at Apollo Hospitals Navi Mumbai

Call 022 6280 6280 for an appointment