Irregular heartbeats in children- causes, diagnosis & treatment

Verified by Dr. Bhushan Chavan, Consultant Pediatric Cardiology, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai

Irregular heartbeats, also known as arrhythmias, can occur in children just as they can occur in adults. Arrhythmias in children are relatively rare but can vary in severity and may have different causes. Here is an overview of irregular heartbeats in children:

Types of arrhythmias in children:

• Sinus Arrhythmia: This is a normal variation of the heartbeat where the heart rate speeds up during inspiration (breathing in) and slows down during expiration (breathing out).

• Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): SVT is a common arrhythmia in children and involves a rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles. It can cause symptoms like palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, and fainting.
• Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): VT is a less common arrhythmia in children, but it is more serious. It involves a rapid heart rate originating from the ventricles and can be associated with symptoms like dizziness, fainting, and in severe cases, cardiac arrest.
• Atrial Fibrillation (AF): AF is rare in children and is characterized by an irregular and often rapid heartbeat. It may be associated with underlying heart conditions or can be secondary to other medical conditions.

Causes of arrhythmias in children:

• Structural Heart Defects: Some children are born with heart abnormalities that can predispose them to arrhythmias.

• Inherited Conditions: Certain genetic conditions can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
• Infection or Inflammation: Infections, such as myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart can cause arrhythmias in children.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Disturbances in electrolyte levels, such as low potassium or low magnesium, can disrupt the normal electrical conduction in the heart.
• Medications or Substances: Certain medications or substances, including some over the counter or prescription drugs, can cause arrhythmias in children.

Evaluation and Treatment

When a child is suspected to have an irregular heartbeat, a pediatric cardiologist will conduct a thorough evaluation. This may involve physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG), Holter monitoring (continuous ECG recording), echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart), exercise stress testing, or electrophysiology studies.

The treatment of arrhythmias in children depends on the type and severity of the arrhythmia. Some arrhythmias may resolve on their own or require simple interventions, while others may require medications, catheter-based procedures, or surgery.

It’s important to consult with a pediatric cardiologist or a healthcare professional experienced in pediatric cardiology if your child is experiencing irregular heartbeats. They can provide an accurate diagnosis, determine the cause, and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai has the best pediatric cardiologist,  Dr. Bhushan Chavan, for all pediatric cardiology related disorders.

Call 022 6280 6280 for an appointment.