Breast cancer remains a significant health concern affecting women worldwide, with increasing incidence even among men. The advancements in medical technology and increased awareness have led to improved survival rates for patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Surgical intervention plays a crucial role in the treatment process, tailored to individual factors such as age, cancer stage, and rate of metastasis.
Types of Breast Cancer Surgery
1. Mastectomy:
Description: Involves complete removal of the affected breast.
Indication: Often recommended for advanced stages or when the tumor size necessitates extensive removal.
2. Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS):
a. Partial Mastectomy:
Procedure: Wide local excision of the cancerous mass along with surrounding healthy tissue.
Advantages: Allows preservation of the breast to a significant extent.
b. Quadrantectomy:
Procedure: Removal of a smaller portion of the breast affected by cancer.
Advantages: Less invasive compared to mastectomy, with quicker recovery.
Day Care Procedures: Many BCS procedures are now conducted as outpatient surgeries, offering convenience and reduced post-operative care requirements.
3. Sentinel Node Biopsy:
Procedure: Identifies primary draining lymph nodes using special dyes, reducing the need for complete lymph node removal.
Advantages: Minimizes post-operative complications such as pain and swelling in the arm.
4. Breast Reconstruction:
Types:
a. Implant-Based Reconstruction:
Description: Placement of silicone or saline implants behind the chest muscle.
Advantages: Provides a quick recovery with less invasive techniques such as pre-pectoral implants.
b. Oncoplastic Reconstruction:
Description: Uses the patient’s own tissues (skin, fat, muscle) to reconstruct the breast.
Advantages: Offers a natural look and feel without the sensation of a foreign implant.
Outlook of Breast Cancer Surgeries
The prognosis for breast cancer patients has significantly improved with early detection and advancements in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Maintaining a positive attitude and an active lifestyle can further enhance treatment outcomes by promoting physical and emotional well-being. Family support plays a crucial role in the recovery process, underscoring the importance of a strong support network.
In conclusion, the evolution of breast cancer treatments, including surgical innovations, continues to offer hope and improved quality of life for patients undergoing treatment. With ongoing research and multidisciplinary approaches, the field strives to provide personalized care and effective management of breast cancer.
Dr TPS Bhandari,
Surgical Oncologist.
M. B. B. S M. S (General Surgery) Diplomate National Board (General Surgery), FISO (Surgical Oncology ) MCh (Surgical Oncology) Breast Oncoplastic Surgery (Royal College Surgeons LONDON) Fellowship in Breast Surgery (Royal College Surgeons LONDON)
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