Bone Health in Women: The Link Between Menopause and Osteoporosis

As women age, maintaining bone health becomes crucial, especially as menopause approaches. One of the most serious concerns is osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones, making them more prone to fractures. Women are at a significantly higher risk than men, primarily due to hormonal changes during menopause.

Let’s explore why bone health matters, the impact of menopause, the importance of preventive health screenings, and practical ways to strengthen bones.

Understanding Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones lose density and become fragile. Bone is a living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. Osteoporosis occurs when new bone creation can’t keep up with the loss of old bone. As a result, bones become brittle and prone to fractures.

Unfortunately, osteoporosis often progresses without any symptoms until the following are observed:

• Bone fracture — most commonly in the hip, spine, or wrist
• Back pain
• Loss of height over time
• Stooped posture

Globally, 1 in 3 women over the age of 50 will experience osteoporotic fractures. In Indian women, various studies have shown an osteoporosis prevalence of up to 62%. This higher rate is due not only to hormonal changes but also to women’s naturally lower bone mass as their bones are typically smaller and lighter.

Why Bone Health Matters for Women

Bone health is not just a concern for older women; it requires attention throughout life. Bone mass peaks around age 30, after which it gradually declines. Factors like diet, physical activity, and genetics can influence the speed of this process. Poor bone health can lead to fractures, significantly affecting quality of life by limiting mobility and independence.

Menopause plays a pivotal role in bone health due to the sharp decline in estrogen, a female sex hormone that also promotes bone creation and prevents early bone breakdown. This drop can cause women to lose up to 20% of their bone density in the first 5–7 years after menopause, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures in weight-bearing bones like the hips and spine.

Importance of Preventive Health Checks

Since osteoporosis often has no early symptoms, regular health checks are essential for monitoring bone density and catching signs of bone loss early. Early detection allows for timely interventions that can prevent fractures.

At Apollo ProHealth, we offer a range of tests to assess bone health:

Lab Tests

• Calcium: Necessary for the effective functioning of bones
• Phosphorus: Necessary for energy production, functioning of muscles and nerves, and growth of bones
• Parathyroid Hormone: Regulates the balance of calcium and phosphate in the body
• Serum Albumin: Keeps blood vessels intact and is, therefore, essential to ensure constant nutrient supply to the bones
• Alkaline Phosphatase: Plays a key role in bone metabolism, thus associated with osteoporosis
• Thyroid (TSH): Low TSH levels correlate with a higher risk for osteoporosis
• Vitamin D: Plays a role in building and maintaining healthy bones through calcium absorption

Imaging Scans

• X-ray: Detects problems like fractures, abnormal positions of bones, or bone diseases
• DEXA scan: Measures bone density, crucial in diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing the risk of future fractures
• Body Composition Analyzer: Besides body fat percentage, it measures lean mass (mass of muscles, bones, organs, water), which is important for overall musculoskeletal health

ProHealth’s preventive healthcare services go beyond simple screenings. We offer personalised care plans that take into account individual risk factors including family history and lifestyle habits.

Ways to Strengthen Bones

While bone loss prevention is a lifelong commitment, it’s never too late to start. Here are some ways to protect and strengthen your bones:

Diet: Calcium and vitamin D are essential for strong bones. Women over 50 should aim for 1,200 mg of calcium daily, found in dairy, leafy greens, and fortified foods. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and can be maintained through sunlight and supplements.

Exercise: In the past, daily chores provided natural weight-bearing activities that helped maintain bone strength. However, with urbanisation and modern conveniences, much of this physical labor has decreased, leading to a rise in bone density loss. It is essential to stay active and aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the week. Walking, jogging and strength training are beneficial for increasing bone mass.

Habits: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are known to contribute to bone loss. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol can help protect your bones.

Regular Screenings: From peri- to post-menopause, the decline in estrogen can lead to accelerated bone loss, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Regular screenings can help detect early changes in bone health, allowing for timely interventions to prevent fractures and maintain bone strength.

Taking Control of Your Bone Health

For women, especially those approaching or in menopause, maintaining bone health is essential for preserving mobility, independence, and overall quality of life. By taking proactive steps — such as regular screenings, adopting a bone-healthy diet, and staying physically active — you can significantly reduce your risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Prioritising preventive care and being mindful of your bone health today will help ensure a stronger, healthier tomorrow.