Everything about Piles (Hemorrhoids): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments and Prevention.

Piles, also called hemorrhoids, are swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding. They are a common condition that affects individuals across all age groups and genders. This comprehensive guide explores the symptoms, causes, treatments, and preventive measures for piles to address your concerns and help you manage this condition effectively.

What Are Piles?

Piles, also called hemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed blood vessels in the rectum or anus. They are a common condition that can cause discomfort, pain, itching, and rectal bleeding. Piles develop due to increased pressure in the rectal veins, often caused by factors such as chronic constipation, prolonged sitting, straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, or obesity.

Piles are classified into two main types based on their location:

1. Internal Piles: Found inside the rectum, they are typically painless but may cause bleeding during bowel movements.
2. External Piles: Located under the skin around the anus, they are often more painful and can lead to swelling or irritation.

Although piles can be uncomfortable, they are usually not life-threatening and can often be managed through dietary changes, improved hygiene, and medical treatments. Early diagnosis and intervention can help prevent complications and improve quality of life.

Symptoms of Piles (Hemorrhoids)

Piles, also called hemorrhoids, can cause a range of symptoms that vary based on their type (internal or external) and severity. Recognizing these symptoms early can help in seeking timely treatment. Below are the common piles symptoms:

• Pain or discomfort during bowel movements: Often felt with external piles or thrombosed hemorrhoids.
• Bleeding during or after defecation: One of the key symptoms is bright red blood observed on toilet paper, blood in the stool, or in the toilet bowl.
• Itching or irritation around the anus: Caused by inflammation or mucus discharge.
• Swelling or a lump near the anus: Typically associated with external piles, these lumps may be tender or painful.
• Mucus discharge: This can occur after bowel movements, leading to further irritation.

Symptoms of Piles in Females

In females, piles are common during pregnancy due to increased pressure on the rectal veins, hormonal changes, and constipation. Common symptoms include swelling, itching, and bleeding, which may worsen with straining during bowel movements.

Piles Symptoms for Males

Men are prone to piles due to lifestyle factors like prolonged sitting, heavy lifting, or a low-fiber diet. Common complaints include a painful lump near the anus, discomfort during defecation, and rectal bleeding.

If you experience any of these hemorrhoid symptoms, consult a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis and treatment can alleviate discomfort and prevent complications.

What Causes Piles (Hemorrhoids)?

Piles, or hemorrhoids, develop when there is increased pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus. This pressure causes the veins to swell and become inflamed, leading to the symptoms associated with piles. There are several causes of piles, and understanding them can help manage and prevent the condition.

Common causes of piles include

• Chronic constipation or diarrhea: Both conditions lead to frequent straining, which puts extra pressure on the rectal veins.
• Straining during bowel movements: This is one of the most common causes, often associated with constipation.
• Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the growing uterus puts increased pressure on the veins in the rectum, leading to piles. Hormonal changes and constipation also contribute to the development of hemorrhoids in pregnant women.
• Obesity: Excess body weight increases pressure on the rectal veins, making individuals more prone to piles.
• Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can result in poor circulation and contribute to the development of piles.
• Low-fiber diet: A diet low in fiber can lead to constipation and straining, both of which are significant causes of piles.
• Genetic predisposition: A family history of piles can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.

Causes of Piles in Male

In males, the causes of piles often include prolonged sitting, heavy lifting, or a low-fiber diet. These factors contribute to increased pressure on the rectal veins. Additionally, poor lifestyle habits and obesity can further increase the risk of developing piles.

Causes of Piles in Female

In females, the causes of piles are often linked to pregnancy, as the growing uterus places pressure on the rectum. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can also cause the veins to become more susceptible to swelling. Constipation, a low-fiber diet, and obesity are additional contributing factors.

Recognizing the causes of piles can help in adopting preventive measures such as improving diet, staying active, and managing weight to reduce the risk of developing hemorrhoids.

Types of Piles (Hemorrhoids)

Hemorrhoids can be classified into two primary types based on their location: internal and external. They may also vary in severity, leading to conditions like prolapsed or thrombosed hemorrhoids.

1. Internal Hemorrhoids

• These are located inside the rectum, above the dentate line, and are typically painless.
• The most common symptom of internal piles is bleeding during bowel movements (bright red blood).
• Internal hemorrhoids can prolapse in more severe cases, protruding outside the anus. When this occurs, the hemorrhoids may need to be manually pushed back in or treated with medical procedures.

2. External Hemorrhoids

• Located under the skin around the anus, below the dentate line.
• External hemorrhoids symptoms include pain, itching, and swelling around the anus.
• If a clot forms, thrombosed hemorrhoids occur, causing severe pain and swelling. In such cases, external hemorrhoid treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medications, or surgical procedures.

3. Prolapsed Hemorrhoids

• When internal hemorrhoids become severe, they can prolapse, extending outside the anus.
• Prolapsed hemorrhoids can be either partial, retracting on their own, or full, requiring manual repositioning or surgical intervention.

4. Mixed Hemorrhoids

• A combination of both internal and external hemorrhoids, leading to overlapping symptoms such as bleeding and pain.

Diagnosis of Piles (Hemorrhoids)

The diagnosis of piles (hemorrhoids) typically involves a thorough examination by a healthcare professional. Various diagnostic methods may be employed to determine the presence and severity of hemorrhoids:

1. Physical Examination
   • External hemorrhoids or lumps around the anus can often be visually assessed by the doctor. This initial examination helps identify external piles and any associated swelling or thrombosis.
2. Digital Rectal Exam
   • This exam involves the doctor inserting a gloved finger into the rectum to feel for any abnormalities or internal hemorrhoids. It helps detect swollen veins and any signs of inflammation.
3. Anoscopy or Proctoscopy
   • These are procedures that use a small tube with a light (anoscope or proctoscope) to view the anal canal and lower rectum. They provide a clear view of internal hemorrhoids and help assess their size, location, and degree of prolapse.
4. Colonoscopy
   • A colonoscopy may be recommended for individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer. It allows for a more comprehensive examination of the colon and rectum to rule out other conditions and ensure the hemorrhoids aren’t a sign of more serious problems.

By using these methods, a healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the presence of piles and determine the best course of treatment.

Treatment Options for Piles (Hemorrhoids)

The treatment for piles (hemorrhoids) can vary depending on the severity and type (internal or external). There are multiple approaches, ranging from home remedies to surgical interventions.

1. Home Remedies for Piles

For mild cases, lifestyle changes and home treatments can help alleviate symptoms:

• High-Fiber Diet: Incorporating foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains helps soften stool and reduces straining during bowel movements, which is a key contributor to piles.
• Hydration: Drinking plenty of water ensures stool remains soft, preventing constipation and reducing the risk of hemorrhoids.
• Warm Sitz Baths: Soaking the anal area in warm water for 10-15 minutes can help relieve discomfort and reduce swelling.
• Over-the-Counter Creams: Products containing hydrocortisone or witch hazel can soothe itching, swelling, and irritation around the anus.

2. Medical Treatments for Piles

If home remedies do not provide relief, medical treatments may be necessary:

• Medications: May include laxatives to relieve constipation, pain relievers to reduce discomfort, or topical treatments to reduce inflammation and soothe irritation.
• Rubber Band Ligation: This procedure involves placing a small rubber band around the base of the hemorrhoid, cutting off its blood supply and causing it to shrink and fall off.
• Sclerotherapy: A chemical solution is injected into the hemorrhoid to shrink it, reducing symptoms like bleeding and swelling.
• Infrared Coagulation: This technique uses heat to shrink the hemorrhoids, offering a minimally invasive option with no cuts.

3. Surgical Interventions for Piles

For severe or prolapsed hemorrhoids that don’t respond to other treatments, surgery may be required:

• Hemorrhoidectomy: This is a surgical procedure where the hemorrhoids are removed, typically recommended for large or persistent hemorrhoids.
• Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: A surgical option used for prolapsed hemorrhoids, where the hemorrhoids are stapled back into place and excess tissue is removed.
• Laser Treatment for Piles: A minimally invasive option that uses a laser to shrink the hemorrhoids, offering a faster recovery compared to traditional surgery.

These treatment options provide various solutions depending on the severity of the hemorrhoids. For personalized recommendations, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment for your condition.

Which Doctor to Consult for Piles?

You should consult a healthcare professional if you experience symptoms of piles. Initially, a General Practitioner (GP) can evaluate your condition and recommend treatment or refer you to a specialist. If needed, a Gastroenterologist or Proctologist may be consulted for further diagnosis and management, particularly if the condition is severe. In cases where surgery is required, a Colorectal Surgeon can perform procedures such as hemorrhoidectomy or stapled hemorrhoidopexy to provide relief.

Foods to Avoid and Include in Piles

Diet plays a significant role in managing and preventing piles (hemorrhoids). Consuming the right foods can help alleviate symptoms, while certain foods can worsen the condition. Here’s a breakdown of food to avoid in piles and the best food for piles.

Foods to Avoid in Piles

1. Spicy Foods
   • Spicy foods can irritate the digestive system and worsen symptoms such as itching and discomfort around the anus. It may also lead to increased bowel movement frequency, which can aggravate piles.
2. Processed and Fast Foods
   • These foods are often low in fiber and can contribute to constipation. Constipation leads to straining during bowel movements, which is a primary cause of hemorrhoids. It’s best to limit the intake of fast food, packaged snacks, and other processed items.
3. Alcohol and Caffeine
   • Both alcohol and caffeine can dehydrate the body, leading to harder stools. Dehydration can worsen constipation, making hemorrhoid symptoms more painful. It’s advisable to reduce consumption of alcohol and caffeinated beverages.
4. Low-Fiber Foods
   • Foods that are low in fiber, such as white bread, pasta, and certain dairy products, can contribute to constipation. Fiber helps in softening stools, reducing the need to strain during bowel movements.

Foods to Include in Piles

1. Leafy Greens
   • Leafy greens like spinach, kale, and lettuce are excellent sources of fiber. These foods help in softening the stool and improving digestion, reducing the risk of constipation and straining.
2. Whole Grains
   • Foods like oats, brown rice, and whole wheat bread are high in fiber and should be included in your diet. Whole grains help in regular bowel movements and prevent constipation, providing relief from piles symptoms.
3. Fresh Fruits
   • Fresh fruits such as apples, bananas, and berries are packed with fiber and water content, both of which help in softening stools and improving digestion. Bananas in particular are rich in potassium, which helps regulate bowel function.
4. Legumes and Nuts
   • Legumes (like beans, lentils, and chickpeas) and nuts are rich in fiber and protein. These foods can help maintain regular bowel movements, preventing constipation and reducing hemorrh oid flare-ups.

Incorporating these foods for piles into your diet can improve your digestion, prevent constipation, and alleviate hemorrhoid symptoms. For more clarity, read our article on Food For Piles. Always remember to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized dietary recommendations.

Prevention of Piles

To reduce the risk of developing piles (hemorrhoids), it’s important to adopt a few healthy lifestyle habits. Here are some effective ways to prevent piles:

1. Maintain a High-Fiber Diet
   • A high-fiber diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, helps soften stools, making bowel movements easier and reducing the risk of constipation and straining.
2. Stay Hydrated
   • Drinking plenty of water keeps the stool soft and reduces the chances of constipation, which can lead to piles.
3. Avoid Prolonged Sitting or Standing
   • Sitting or standing for extended periods puts pressure on the veins in the rectal area. Take breaks to walk around and avoid prolonged periods of immobility.
4. Exercise Regularly
   • Regular physical activity improves blood circulation and digestion, helping to prevent constipation and reduce the risk of hemorrhoids.
5. Avoid Straining During Bowel Movements
   • Straining while passing stool can lead to increased pressure on the rectal veins. To prevent straining, don’t delay bowel movements, and make sure you pass stool when the urge arises.
6. Use the Correct Posture While Using the Toilet
   • Avoid sitting on the toilet for long periods. If necessary, use a footstool to elevate your feet slightly, which can help reduce strain during bowel movements.
7. Maintain a Healthy Weight
   • Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing piles due to the increased pressure on the abdominal area. Maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent hemorrhoids.
8. Avoid Lifting Heavy Weights
   • Lifting heavy weights or engaging in strenuous activities that put pressure on the abdominal area can increase the risk of hemorrhoids. If necessary, use proper lifting techniques to minimize strain.

By incorporating these habits into your lifestyle, you can significantly reduce the risk of developing piles and manage symptoms effectively.

Difference Between Piles, Fissures, and Fistula

Piles, fissures, and fistulas are distinct medical conditions that affect the anal and rectal area. Here’s a brief overview of their differences:

1. Piles (Hemorrhoids)
   • Definition: Piles are swollen or inflamed blood vessels in the rectum or anus, caused by increased pressure. They can be internal or external and may cause symptoms like pain, bleeding, itching, and swelling.
   • Cause: Common causes include chronic constipation, straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, and a low-fiber diet.
2. Anal Fissure
   • Definition: An anal fissure is a small tear or crack in the skin of the anus, which typically causes sharp pain, especially during or after bowel movements. It may also cause bleeding.
   • Cause: It often occurs due to passing large or hard stools, diarrhea, or anal trauma.
3. Anal Fistula
   • Definition: An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel-like connection between the anal canal and the skin near the anus, often caused by an infection in the anal glands. It can lead to pain, swelling, and discharge of pus or blood.
   • Cause: It commonly develops after an anal abscess (a collection of pus), leading to the formation of a fistula as the body attempts to drain the infection.

In summary, while piles involve swollen blood vessels, fissures are small tears in the anal skin, and fistulas are abnormal tunnels that connect the anus to the skin due to infection. Each condition has different causes and symptoms, and treatment options vary accordingly.

For more clarity, read our article on Difference Between Piles, Fissure, and Fistula.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can piles go away on their own?
   Mild piles can often improve on their own with lifestyle changes such as increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, and avoiding prolonged sitting. However, severe piles or those causing significant discomfort may require medical treatment. If symptoms persist for more than a few days, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for advice.
2. Can diet alone cure piles?
   While a high-fiber diet plays a key role in managing piles, it may not completely cure advanced cases. A fiber-rich diet helps soften stool, reducing strain during bowel movements and alleviating symptoms. However, in some cases, other treatments like medications, procedures, or surgery may be necessary for effective relief.
3. How to treat external hemorrhoids at home?
   For external hemorrhoids, home remedies like applying cold compresses can help reduce swelling, while warm sitz baths can ease discomfort. Over-the-counter creams or ointments containing hydrocortisone or witch hazel can also provide relief. It’s essential to maintain good hygiene and avoid straining during bowel movements for better management of external hemorrhoids.
4. Can piles be cured without surgery?
   Yes, mild to moderate piles can often be effectively managed without surgery through lifestyle changes, over-the-counter treatments, and non-invasive procedures. Increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, and using topical creams can help. Surgical options like hemorrhoidectomy are generally considered when conservative treatments fail or in severe cases of prolapsed hemorrhoids.
5. What causes piles during pregnancy?
   Pregnant women are more likely to develop piles due to increased pressure from the growing uterus on the pelvic veins, as well as hormonal changes that can cause blood vessels to swell. Other contributing factors include constipation, dehydration, and straining during bowel movements. Managing piles during pregnancy involves a high-fiber diet, staying hydrated, and avoiding excessive straining.
6. Can piles be cured in 3 days?
   While mild piles may show improvement with home treatments like increasing fiber intake and using over-the-counter creams, complete resolution typically takes longer than 3 days. Severe cases may require medical treatment or even surgical intervention. It’s important to consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist or worsen over time.
7. How to control piles?
   Controlling piles involves a combination of lifestyle modifications such as consuming a high-fiber diet, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding straining during bowel movements. Regular physical activity, avoiding prolonged sitting, and using over-the-counter treatments like creams or ointments can also help. Severe cases may require professional treatments like rubber band ligation or surgery.
8. What is the difference between piles and hemorrhoids?
   Piles and hemorrhoids are essentially the same condition, referring to swollen or inflamed veins in the rectal area. “Piles” is commonly used in some regions, while “hemorrhoids” is more frequently used in medical terms. Both terms describe the same symptoms, such as pain, itching, swelling, and bleeding around the anus, but the terminology varies by preference.
9. What does a lump near the anus mean?
   A lump near the anus can be a sign of external hemorrhoids, which occur when the blood vessels in the anal area become swollen or inflamed. Other causes could include abscesses, anal fissures, or even skin tags. It’s important to get an accurate diagnosis from a healthcare professional to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.
10. What is the treatment for external hemorrhoids?
    External hemorrhoids can be managed with over-the-counter creams that contain hydrocortisone or witch hazel, which can reduce swelling and discomfort. Sitz baths, cold compresses, and avoiding prolonged sitting are also helpful. If these treatments don’t provide sufficient relief or if hemorrhoids are severe, a healthcare provider may recommend medical procedures such as rubber band ligation or surgery.

Conclusion

Piles are a manageable condition with the right approach. Early diagnosis, lifestyle changes, and appropriate medical interventions can significantly improve the quality of life. If you experience symptoms, consult a healthcare professional promptly. Remember, timely treatment can prevent complications and ensure faster recovery.