DHEAS Test - Purpose, Procedure, Results Interpretation, Normal Values and more

Introduction

The DHEAS test is an important diagnostic tool used to measure the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in the blood. DHEAS is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and serves as a precursor to other hormones, including testosterone and estrogen. Although DHEAS levels naturally fluctuate throughout a person’s life, abnormalities in these levels can signal a variety of health conditions, including hormonal imbalances, adrenal disorders, and reproductive health issues.

What is a DHEAS Test?

A DHEAS test measures the amount of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in the blood. DHEAS is a type of steroid hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands, which are located above the kidneys. It plays a role in the production of sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, and is important for maintaining proper endocrine system function.

The test is often used to assess hormone imbalances and diagnose conditions related to adrenal gland function. DHEAS levels typically peak in early adulthood and gradually decline with age. Since the test measures the sulfate form of DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone), it is often used as an indirect way to evaluate the adrenal glands’ ability to produce hormones.

How Does the DHEAS Test Work?

The DHEAS test is a blood test that requires a sample to be drawn from a vein, usually in the arm. The blood sample is then analyzed in a laboratory, where the concentration of DHEAS is measured. Because DHEAS is involved in producing other hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, abnormal levels can indicate potential issues with the adrenal glands or other related conditions.

The test is typically ordered when there are signs of hormonal imbalances or symptoms that suggest adrenal or reproductive health problems. The results help physicians evaluate the function of the adrenal glands and determine whether further testing or treatment is necessary.

Normal Range for DHEAS

The normal range for DHEAS can vary based on factors such as age, sex, and laboratory standards. However, typical reference ranges are as follows:

• For adult men: 80–560 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL)
• For adult women: 35–430 mcg/dL

Age-related changes: DHEAS levels tend to peak in the late teenage years or early twenties and gradually decline thereafter. By the age of 70, DHEAS levels can be significantly lower. It’s also important to note that DHEAS levels vary depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle in women.

Since there are no universally accepted guidelines, your doctor will interpret the results based on your age, sex, symptoms, and medical history.

Uses of the DHEAS Test

The DHEAS test is used to assess and monitor a variety of health conditions. Below are some of the primary uses of the test:

• Diagnosing Adrenal Disorders:

  DHEAS is produced by the adrenal glands, so the test is often used to diagnose conditions that affect these glands, including:

  • Addison’s disease: A condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, including DHEAS.
  • Cushing’s syndrome: A disorder caused by excessive cortisol production that can alter DHEAS levels.
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A genetic condition that causes adrenal glands to produce too much or too little of certain hormones.
• Evaluating Hormonal Imbalances:

  The DHEAS test is frequently ordered when a patient is exhibiting symptoms related to hormonal imbalances, such as:

  • Excessive hair growth (hirsutism)
  • Acne
  • Irregular menstrual cycles in women
  • Infertility

  These symptoms can indicate an imbalance in the body’s sex hormones, and measuring DHEAS levels can help determine the cause.

• Assessing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Elevated DHEAS levels may be a sign of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common condition in which the ovaries produce higher than normal amounts of androgens (male hormones). This can lead to symptoms such as irregular periods, weight gain, and excess hair growth.
• Monitoring Adrenal Gland Function: The DHEAS test is often used to monitor the function of the adrenal glands, especially after the diagnosis of an adrenal disorder. It can help track the effectiveness of treatments or surgeries intended to treat adrenal gland disorders.
• Evaluating Early Puberty or Delayed Puberty: DHEAS levels may be tested in cases of early puberty (precocious puberty) or delayed puberty in children. Abnormal levels of DHEAS can be a clue to hormonal imbalances that affect sexual development.

How to Prepare for a DHEAS Test

The DHEAS test generally requires very little preparation, but here are a few important considerations:

• Inform Your Doctor of Any Medications: Certain medications, including oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, and hormone replacement therapy, can affect DHEAS levels. Be sure to inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you are taking.
• Time of Day: DHEAS levels can fluctuate throughout the day, with the highest levels typically found in the early morning. If you are testing for DHEAS as part of a diagnostic workup, you may be asked to have the blood drawn at a specific time of day, often in the morning.
• Pregnancy Considerations: If you are pregnant, inform your healthcare provider before the test. Pregnancy can affect hormone levels, including DHEAS, so the test results may need to be interpreted in this context.
• Avoid Stress: High stress can impact hormone levels, so it’s recommended to remain calm before the test. Stress-induced changes can influence adrenal hormones and may lead to abnormal test results.

What to Expect During the DHEAS Test

The DHEAS test is a standard blood test, and the process is fairly simple and quick:

• Blood Sample Collection: A healthcare professional will clean the area around a vein in your arm and insert a needle to collect a blood sample.
• Processing the Sample: The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory, where the DHEAS levels are measured.
• Post-Test Care: After the sample is collected, there is minimal recovery required. Some people may experience mild discomfort or a small bruise at the site of the needle insertion, but this usually resolves quickly.

Test results are typically available within a few hours to a couple of days, depending on the laboratory processing time.

Test Results Interpretation

Interpreting DHEAS test results requires considering a variety of factors, including age, sex, and symptoms. Here’s what you can expect based on different results:

• Normal Results:
  • Men: In general, normal DHEAS levels in men fall between 80 and 560 mcg/dL, but this range can vary depending on the lab and the patient’s age.
  • Women: For women, normal levels generally fall between 35 and 430 mcg/dL, though this can vary depending on their age, menstrual cycle phase, and other factors.
  • Children: Normal levels in children will differ based on their age and gender.

  If your results fall within the normal range and you have no symptoms of hormonal imbalance, it typically indicates normal adrenal function.

• Elevated DHEAS Levels:
  • Possible Causes: Elevated DHEAS levels can indicate conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), adrenal tumors, Cushing’s syndrome, or congenital adrenal hyperplasia. High levels of DHEAS can lead to symptoms like excessive hair growth, acne, and irregular menstrual cycles in women.
  • Further Testing: If your DHEAS levels are elevated, your doctor may order additional tests such as imaging of the adrenal glands or a dexamethasone suppression test to help confirm the diagnosis.
• Low DHEAS Levels:
  • Possible Causes: Low DHEAS levels can be a sign of Addison’s disease, an adrenal insufficiency disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. Low levels can also indicate aging, as DHEAS naturally declines with age, or other adrenal disorders.
  • Further Testing: If DHEAS levels are low, your doctor may consider tests to assess adrenal function, such as an ACTH stimulation test or renin and aldosterone testing.

Risks and Limitations of the DHEAS Test

• False Results: Factors such as pregnancy, stress, or certain medications can impact DHEAS levels and result in false readings. It’s essential to discuss your medical history and any medications you’re taking with your healthcare provider before undergoing the test.
• Interpretation of Results: DHEAS levels are not definitive on their own. Your doctor will interpret the results in the context of your symptoms, medical history, and any additional tests performed.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the purpose of a DHEAS test?

The DHEAS test measures the level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in the blood, helping to assess adrenal gland function, diagnose hormonal imbalances, and monitor conditions such as PCOS, Cushing’s syndrome, and Addison’s disease.

2. How do I prepare for a DHEAS test?

There’s minimal preparation needed. Be sure to inform your doctor about any medications or health conditions, as these can affect DHEAS levels. You may also be asked to have the test in the morning, as levels are highest at that time.

3. What is a normal DHEAS level?

Normal DHEAS levels vary by age and sex. For men, the normal range is usually between 80-560 mcg/dL, and for women, it’s typically between 35-430 mcg/dL. Your healthcare provider will interpret your results based on these factors.

4. What happens if my DHEAS levels are high?

Elevated DHEAS levels can indicate conditions such as PCOS, adrenal tumors, or Cushing’s syndrome. Your doctor may recommend additional tests or imaging to determine the underlying cause.

5. Can a low DHEAS level be dangerous?

Low DHEAS levels may indicate adrenal insufficiency or conditions such as Addison’s disease. It is essential to address low DHEAS levels to prevent complications like fatigue, muscle weakness, and low blood pressure.

6. How is the DHEAS test performed?

The test is a simple blood draw, and the sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The test is relatively quick and typically requires no special preparation.

7. Can DHEAS levels affect my fertility?

Yes, abnormal DHEAS levels can affect fertility, especially in conditions like PCOS, where high DHEAS levels may interfere with ovulation. Addressing hormonal imbalances can improve fertility in some cases.

8. How long does it take to get DHEAS test results?

Test results are typically available within a few hours to a couple of days, depending on the laboratory processing time.

9. Are there any risks associated with the DHEAS test?

The DHEAS test is a low-risk procedure. The only risks involve the typical discomfort or slight bruising from the blood draw.

10. What should I do if my DHEAS levels are abnormal?

If your DHEAS levels are abnormal, your doctor will discuss potential causes and recommend further tests or treatments based on your individual situation.

Conclusion

The DHEAS test is a vital diagnostic tool used to assess adrenal function, identify hormonal imbalances, and help diagnose conditions such as PCOS, Cushing’s syndrome, and Addison’s disease. Understanding your DHEAS levels can provide valuable insight into your overall health and guide treatment decisions. If you have concerns about your hormonal health, discuss the DHEAS test with your healthcare provider to ensure proper diagnosis and management.