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A stem cell transplant is usually done after chemotherapy and radiation is complete. The stem cells are delivered into the bloodstream, usually through a central venous catheter. The process is similar to getting a blood transfusion. The stem cells travel through the blood into the bone marrow.
Donor stem cells can be collected in two ways:
- Bone marrow harvest – This minor surgery is done under general anesthesia. This means the donor will be asleep and pain-free during the procedure. The bone marrow is removed from the back of both hip bones. The amount of marrow removed depends on the weight of the person who is receiving it.
- Leukapheresis – First, the donor is given 5 days of shots to help stem cells move from the bone marrow into the blood. During leukapheresis, blood is removed from the donor through an IV line. The part of white blood cells that contains stem cells is then separated in a machine and removed to be later given to the recipient. The red blood cells are returned to the donor.
- After the transplant, supportive care is given to prevent and treat infections, side effects of treatments, and complications. This includes frequent blood tests, close monitoring of vital signs, strict measurement of fluid input and output, daily weigh-ins, and providing a protected and clean environment.
