Most risk factors of gallbladder cancer are related to chronic inflammation in gallbladder.
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Gallstones: Gallstones are the most common risk factor for gallbladder cancer. Gallstones are pebble-like collections of cholesterol and other substances that form in the gallbladder and can cause chronic inflammation.
Majority of patients with gallbladder cancer have prior history of gallstones. However only 1-3% of patients with gallstones develop gallbladder cancer. - Gallbladder Polyp: A polyp is a type of tissue growth from the lining of the gallbladder. Large polyps (>1 cm) and long-standing polyps are at risk of developing gallbladder cancer. Hence doctors recommend removal of gallbladder polyps if it is more than 1 cm.
- Porcelain Gallbladder: This condition arises due to deposition of calcium in the gallbladder wall and can cause long term inflammation.
- Congenital conditions: Certain congenital conditions like choledochal cysts, abnormal pancreatic and biliary duct junction anomalies cause chronic inflammation in gallbladder and increased risk of gallbladder cancer.
- Family History: An individual with history of gallbladder cancer are at a higher risk
- Age: Gallbladder cancer is most commonly diagnosed in adults over the age of 70.
- Gender: Women are under the high risk
- Smoking: Tobacco usage has been linked to an increased risk of gallbladder cancer.
