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Overview of Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is a critical health issue that affects thousands of individuals worldwide.
It arises when malignant cells form in the tissues of the liver, an organ crucial for
numerous vital functions, including detoxifying the blood, producing bile for
digestion, and storing nutrients. Liver cancer is one of the most common types of
cancer, with high mortality rates due to often late-stage diagnosis. There are two
primary types: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which originates in the liver cells, and
cholangiocarcinoma, which starts in the bile ducts. Other types of liver cancer include
Carcinoma gallbladder, cholangiocarcinoma and paediatric cancer like
Hepatoblastoma. Early detection is key to improving survival rates, making
awareness of early symptoms and timely diagnosis essential.
Understanding Liver Cancer
Liver cancer typically develops when healthy liver cells undergo genetic mutations
that cause them to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Several risk factors
increase the likelihood of developing liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis B or C infections
are significant contributors, as they can lead to cirrhosis, a condition marked by
scarring of the liver. Other risk factors include excessive alcohol consumption, non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease, exposure to aflatoxins (toxins produced by certain fungi
in food), cirrhosis of liver and inherited liver diseases. Understanding these risk
factors and maintaining liver health through regular medical check-ups and a healthy
lifestyle can aid in early detection and prevention.
Early Warning Signs and Symptoms of Liver Cancer
Liver Cancers most of the time is asymptomatic. Recognizing the early warning signs
of liver cancer can significantly impact outcomes by facilitating early treatment.
Common symptoms to watch for include:
Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden and unintended weight loss without a clear cause
can be a sign of liver cancer.
Loss of Appetite: Persistent lack of appetite and feeling full after eating small
amounts.
Upper Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen
can indicate liver issues.
Nausea and Vomiting: Frequent nausea or vomiting that is not related to other
conditions.
General Weakness and Fatigue: Unexplained and persistent fatigue and weakness.
Enlarged Liver or Spleen: A noticeable lump under the ribs on the right side (enlarged
liver) or left side (enlarged spleen).
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes, indicating a possible liver problem.
Swelling in the Abdomen: Abdominal swelling or bloating due to fluid accumulation
(ascites).
These symptoms can be subtle and easily mistaken for other health issues.
Therefore, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider if any of these signs persist.
Seeking Timely Diagnosis
Timely diagnosis of liver cancer dramatically increases the chances of successful
treatment. If liver cancer is suspected based on symptoms or risk factors, several
diagnostic tests can be performed:
Blood Tests: These include liver function tests and tests for tumor markers like alpha-
fetoprotein (AFP), PIVKA in blood test which can be elevated in liver cancer.
Imaging Tests: Ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRIs can help visualize tumors in the liver
and determine their size and spread.
Biopsy: Involves taking a small tissue sample from the liver to be examined under a
microscope for cancer cells.
Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure that allows doctors to view the liver directly and
obtain tissue samples.
Early detection through these diagnostic tools can help identify liver cancer at an
earlier stage when it is more treatable. Regular screening is particularly important for
individuals at high risk, such as those with chronic liver disease or a family history of
liver cancer.
Conclusion
Liver cancer is a serious condition, but early recognition of symptoms and timely
diagnosis can significantly improve treatment outcomes. By understanding the early
warning signs and undergoing regular medical check-ups, especially for those at
higher risk, individuals can take proactive steps towards early detection and better
health outcomes. Remember, if you experience any persistent symptoms or have risk
factors for liver cancer, consult your healthcare provider promptly for appropriate
screening and diagnostic tests. Early action can save lives.
