Best Doctors for Spina Bifida in Mumbai

Types/Stages of Spina Bifida

Spina bifida has three main types. These include:

• Spina bifida occulta: Spina bifida occulta is the mildest form, characterised by a small gap in the spine where the spinal cord or nerves do not protrude or displace.

• Meningocele: A sac of cerebrospinal fluid protrudes through an opening in the baby’s spine in this type. Although the spinal cord develops normally, the meninges (the protective layers surrounding the spinal cord) are displaced through the spinal defect.

• Myelomeningocele: This is the most severe form, where both the spinal cord and its protective covering protrude through an opening in the baby’s back, potentially causing severe disabilities.

Symptoms of Spina Bifida

Spina bifida can present with diverse symptoms depending on its type and severity, including:

• Physical disabilities like leg paralysis or lack of sensation

• Orthopaedic complications such as bone and joint deformities.

• Bladder and bowel control problems

• Hydrocephalus (Accumulation of fluid in the brain)

• Cognitive and developmental issues

• Increased risk of skin infections

Tests to Diagnose Spina Bifida

The doctors specialising in spina bifida treatment use several tests to diagnose the condition:

• Prenatal ultrasound: This scan is usually conducted between weeks 18 and 22 of pregnancy, and visualises the foetus to detect spinal abnormalities like openings or irregular spinal cord shapes.

• Amniocentesis: Amniocentesis, typically between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy, tests the amniotic fluid for elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), indicating possible neural tube defects.

• Postnatal physical examination: A thorough physical examination is conducted after birth to identify any visible openings in the baby’s back.

• MRI and CT scans: Postnatal MRI and CT scans provide detailed images of the spine and surrounding structures, confirming and assessing the severity of spina bifida.

Treatment or Surgery Options for Spina Bifida at Apollo Hospitals, Mumbai

At Apollo Hospitals in Mumbai, the best doctors treating Spina Bifida offer several treatment options depending on the type and severity of the condition:

• Surgical intervention: Early surgical correction of myelomeningocele, ideally within 48 hours after birth, is critical to close the spinal defect, protect exposed nerves, prevent infections, preserve spinal function, and minimise further nervous system damage.

• Physical therapy: Physical therapy focuses on improving mobility, strength, flexibility, and coordination through tailored exercise programmes that address motor deficits and functional limitations. It aims to enhance independence and quality of life from an early age.

• Use of assistive devices: Braces, orthotics, wheelchairs, and walkers are crucial for managing physical challenges in spina bifida. They provide tailored support, stability, and mobility assistance, correcting deformities, improving posture, and enhancing overall mobility based on individual needs.