Best Doctors for Spina Bifida in Chennai

Types/Stages of Spina Bifida

Spina bifida manifests in three primary forms:

• Spina Bifida Occulta: The mildest and most common form, characterised by a small gap in the spine with no symptoms or nerve damage.

• Meningocele: A rare type where a fluid-filled sac containing the meninges, a protective covering surrounding the spinal cord, protrudes through an opening in the back. The spinal cord and nerves are usually normal or only mildly affected.

• Myelomeningocele: The most severe type, where part of the spinal cord protrudes through an opening in the back, often causing significant nerve damage and paralysis.

Symptoms of Spina Bifida

The symptoms vary depending on the type and severity. Common symptoms include:

• Visible sac on the back

• Paralysis or weakness in the legs

• Orthopaedic issues such as curvature of the spine

• Bladder and bowel control problems

• Hydrocephalus, causing increased head size, vomiting and seizures

• Sensory and motor issues below the level of the spinal opening

Tests to Diagnose Spina Bifida

The best doctors for spina bifida treatment diagnose the condition using the following tests:

• Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein Screen: This blood test measures the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, a protein produced by the foetus. High AFP levels may indicate spina bifida.

• Ultrasound: High-frequency sound waves create images of the developing foetus inside the womb and help in diagnosing spina bifida.

• Amniocentesis: A sample of amniotic fluid is removed and tested for high levels of AFP, which can confirm spina bifida.

• Post-natal Imaging Tests: X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans can provide detailed images of the spine and spinal cord to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment or Surgery Options for Spina Bifida at Apollo Hospitals Chennai

At Apollo Hospitals Chennai, the Spina Bifida Surgeons suggest the following surgical procedures for managing spina bifida:

• Foetal Surgery: Performed on the foetus while still in the womb. This procedure aims to repair the spinal defect and prevent further damage to the spinal cord and nerves.

• Newborn Surgery: Shortly after birth, surgery can be performed to close the spinal opening, thereby preventing infections and additional nerve damage.

• Shunt Placement: If the baby has hydrocephalus (excess fluid in the brain), a surgeon can implant a shunt, a small hollow tube to drain the extra fluid and relieve pressure on the brain.

• Corrective Surgery: Surgery may be needed to address orthopaedic issues such as clubfoot, hip dislocation, or scoliosis (curvature of the spine).

• Braces and Orthotics: Devices may be used to support and improve mobility.