Best Lung Cancer Doctors in Delhi

Types/Stages of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer manifests primarily as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) or Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). Each is distinct, with different treatments and prognosis:

• NSCLC: This is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for over 80% of cases. NSCLC has subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.

• SCLC: Although less common, SCLC is more aggressive and spreads rapidly compared to NSCLC. It is primarily associated with cigarette smoking.

The stages of lung cancer range from 0 to 4 in NSCLC, with stage 4 being the most advanced. SCLC is classified into limited (cancer is in one lung and nearby lymph nodes only) and extensive stages (cancer has spread).

Symptoms of Lung Cancer

People affected by lung cancer may experience various symptoms, which can be subtle in the early stages but become more pronounced as the disease progresses:

• Hoarseness or change in voice

• Persistent cough or chest infections

• Chest pain or discomfort

• Shortness of breath

• In advanced stages: bone pain, headaches, dizziness

• Coughing up blood

• Fatigue

Tests to Diagnose Lung Cancer

At Apollo Hospitals, Delhi, several diagnostic methods are used by the best doctors specialising in lung cancer treatment to confirm the presence of cancer and determine its type and stage:

• Imaging tests: These tests include X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and PET scans, which provide detailed images of the lungs and surrounding tissues to identify any abnormalities.

• Sputum test: This involves examining samples of sputum, a mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the lungs, to check for the presence of cancer cells.

• Biopsy: Procedures, such as bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, mediastinoscopy, and open lung biopsy, are used to collect tissue samples from the lungs, aiding in the diagnosis.

• Blood Tests: Blood samples may be analysed for certain biomarkers associated with lung cancer, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or circulating tumour cells (CTCs).

• Lung function tests: Tests such as spirometry and lung volume tests play a crucial role in assessing respiratory health.

Treatment or Surgery Options for Lung Cancer at Apollo Hospitals, Delhi

Management of lung cancer can vary based on the type, stage, patient’s overall health, and other factors. Some of the best specialists who treat lung cancer at Apollo Hospitals in Delhi provide various treatment options:

• Surgery: This intervention involves the removal of tumours that have not significantly spread beyond the lungs.

• Chemotherapy: Drugs are administered to target and eradicate cancer cells throughout the body, often used in combination with other treatments.

• Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to identify and destroy cancer cells.

• Radiofrequency ablation: Utilising radio waves to generate heat, this technique selectively destroys lung tumours, often employed for small, localised tumours.

• Palliative therapy: Aimed at enhancing the quality of life for patients with advanced lung cancer, palliative care focuses on symptom management and emotional support.